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Explosion-proofing designs equipment to contain ignition hazards, prevent entry of hazardous substances, and, contain any fire or explosion that could occur. Different countries have approached the standardization and testing of equipment for hazardous areas in different ways. Terminology for both hazards and protective measures can vary.
A flame detector is a sensor designed to detect and respond to the presence of a flame or fire, allowing flame detection. Responses to a detected flame depend on the installation, but can include sounding an alarm, deactivating a fuel line (such as a propane or a natural gas line), and activating a fire suppression system.
A detector for propane is best placed down low near the floor, as propane is heavier than air. [3] A detector for natural gas (city gas) is best placed up high, near the ceiling. [3] Some detectors can detect both natural gas or propane, but this requires a compromise location. [4]
The removal of one of these conditions will greatly reduce the risk of a fire or explosion. Since the combustible dust cannot be eliminated, there is the possibility to use inert gases or to eliminate ignition sources. Spark extinguishing systems are established as preventive fire and explosion protection systems in the industry and craft.
Around 2003, Pyroban pioneered the introduction of gas detection in diesel engines to certifiably eliminate the use of a flame arrestor in the diesel engine exhaust stream. This was significant as it meant that operators could keep engines running on an offshore platform without having to clean the flame arrestor every 8 hours.
Intrinsic safety (denoted by "i" in the ATEX and IECEx Explosion Classifications) is one of several available methods for electrical equipment. see Types of protection for more info. For handheld electronics, intrinsic safety is the only realistic method that allows a functional device to be explosion protected.
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