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In bootstrap-resamples, the 'population' is in fact the sample, and this is known; hence the quality of inference of the 'true' sample from resampled data (resampled → sample) is measurable. More formally, the bootstrap works by treating inference of the true probability distribution J , given the original data, as being analogous to an ...
Overabundance of already collected data became an issue only in the "Big Data" era, and the reasons to use undersampling are mainly practical and related to resource costs. Specifically, while one needs a suitably large sample size to draw valid statistical conclusions, the data must be cleaned before it can be used. Cleansing typically ...
PSPP is a free software application for analysis of sampled data, intended as a free alternative for IBM SPSS Statistics. It has a graphical user interface [2] and conventional command-line interface. It is written in C and uses GNU Scientific Library for its mathematical routines. The name has "no official acronymic expansion". [3]
IDA (Interactive Data Analysis) [27] was a software package that originated at what was formerly the National Opinion Research Center , at the University of Chicago. Initially offered on the HP-2000 , [ 28 ] somewhat later, under the ownership of SPSS, it was also available on MUSIC/SP . [ 29 ]
The sample size is an important feature of any empirical study in which the goal is to make inferences about a population from a sample. In practice, the sample size used in a study is usually determined based on the cost, time, or convenience of collecting the data, and the need for it to offer sufficient statistical power. In complex studies ...
In survey sampling, weights can be applied to the data to adjust for the sample design, particularly in stratified sampling. [1] Results from probability theory and statistical theory are employed to guide the practice. In business and medical research, sampling is widely used for gathering information about a population. [2]
In statistics, the Jonckheere trend test [1] (sometimes called the Jonckheere–Terpstra [2] test) is a test for an ordered alternative hypothesis within an independent samples (between-participants) design. It is similar to the Kruskal-Wallis test in that the null hypothesis is that several independent samples are from the same population ...
This is a list of statistical procedures which can be used for the analysis of categorical data, also known as data on the nominal scale and as categorical variables.
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