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In biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, phosphonate groups are used as stable bioisosteres for phosphate, such as in the antiviral nucleotide analog, Tenofovir, one of the cornerstones of anti-HIV therapy. And there is an indication that phosphonate derivatives are "promising ligands for nuclear medicine." [2]
Phosphonates are esters of phosphonic acid and have the general formula RP(=O)(OR') 2. Phosphonates have many technical applications, a well-known member being glyphosate, better known as Roundup. With the formula (HO) 2 P(O)CH 2 NHCH 2 CO 2 H, this derivative of glycine is one of the most widely used herbicides.
The higher-order derivative test or general derivative test is able to determine whether a function's critical points are maxima, minima, or points of inflection for a wider variety of functions than the second-order derivative test. As shown below, the second-derivative test is mathematically identical to the special case of n = 1 in the ...
Oxime compounds can reactivate acetylcholinesterase by attaching to phosphorus, forming an oxime-phosphonate, which then splits away from the acetylcholinesterase molecule. Oxime nerve-agent antidotes are pralidoxime (also known as 2-PAM ), obidoxime , methoxime, HI-6 , Hlo-7, and TMB-4 . [ 24 ]
They exhibit tautomerism, however, the equilibrium overwhelmingly favours the right-hand (phosphonate-like) form: [11] [12] (RO) 2 POH ⇌ (RO) 2 P(O)H The P-H bond is the site of high reactivity in these compounds (for example in the Atherton–Todd reaction and Hirao coupling ), whereas in tri-organophosphites the lone pair on phosphorus is ...
Phosphonates are more difficult to hydrolyse than phosphates. [3] Some aminophosphonates degrade to aminomethylphosphonic acid. [4] Preparation.
Category: Phosphonic acids and derivatives. 4 languages. ... Phosphonates (2 C, 6 P) Phosphonic acids (1 C, 40 P) Phosphonofluoridates (2 C, 2 P) Phosphonothioates (12 P)
This nomenclature is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester. For example, (CH 3 )PO(OH) 2 is " methylphosphonic acid ", which may of course form "methyl phosphonate " esters .