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Retention ratio indicates the percentage of a company's earnings that are not paid out in dividends to shareholders but credited to retained earnings. It is the opposite of the dividend payout ratio , and is a key indicator of how much profit a company is keeping to fund its operations, growth, and development.
In strategic planning and strategic management, SWOT analysis (also known as the SWOT matrix, TOWS, WOTS, WOTS-UP, and situational analysis) [1] is a decision-making technique that identifies the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of an organization or project.
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a form of economic analysis that compares the relative costs and outcomes (effects) of different courses of action. Cost-effectiveness analysis is distinct from cost–benefit analysis, which assigns a monetary value to the measure of effect. [1]
A risk–benefit ratio (or benefit-risk ratio) is the ratio of the risk of an action to its potential benefits. Risk–benefit analysis (or benefit-risk analysis) is analysis that seeks to quantify the risk and benefits and hence their ratio. Analyzing a risk can be heavily dependent on the human factor.
The ratio is so named because, when these rates are graphed, the space between the lines resembles a pair of jaws. [1] Strictly speaking, the jaws ratio is not a true ratio in that the calculation is not expressed as one number divided by another, and is calculated as follows: Jaws ratio = (Income Growth Rate) − (Expense Growth Rate). The ...
Both the relative risk and odds ratio are relevant in retrospective cohort studies, but only the odds ratio can be used in case-control studies. Although most case-control studies are retrospective, they can also be prospective when the researcher still enrolls participants based on the occurrence of a disease as new cases occur. [citation needed]
Example of a Business Process Model and Notation for a process with a normal flow. Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model.
In the United States, a typical ratio of research and development for an industrial company is about 3.5% of revenues; this measure is called "R&D intensity". [citation needed] A high technology company, such as a computer manufacturer, might spend 7% or a pharmaceutical companies such as Merck & Co. 14.1% or Novartis 15.1%.