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A French curve is a template usually made from metal, wood or plastic composed of many different curved segments. It is used in manual drafting and in fashion design to draw smooth curves of varying radii. The curve is placed on the drawing material, and a pencil, knife or other
French curves are used for drawing curves which cannot be drawn with compasses. A faint freehand curve is first drawn through the known points; the longest possible curve that coincides exactly with the freehand curve is then found out from the French curves. Finally, a neat continuous curve is drawn with the aid of the French curves.
The drafter uses several technical drawing tools to draw curves and circles. Primary among these are the compasses, used for drawing arcs and circles, and the French curve, for drawing curves. A spline is a rubber coated articulated metal that can be manually bent to most curves.
For example, I recently saw a video called MIT Science Reporter EDM from 1962 showing early computer design software and comparing it to French curves. An equation was given for various drafting tools, such as the triangle being x=ay, the compass being X²+y²=r² and a longer equation for french curves.
As a necessary means for visually conveying ideas, technical drawing has been in one form or another a part of human history since antiquity. The use of these early drawings was to express architectural and engineering concepts for large cultural structures: the temples, monuments, and public infrastructure.
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French curve – Template made from metal, wood or plastic composed of segments of smooth curves; Lesbian rule – Flexible strip of lead for use in molding; Technical drawing tool – Tools and instruments used for accurate and precise manual drafting; Spline (mathematics) – piecewise polynomial curves that smoothly interpolate points