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No two identical dinosaur osteoderms have been collected. There are two possible explanations for the variations found. The first being function, and the other stems from development. When small osteoderms are found, they include compact structures, low remodeling and poor growth lines which suggests early development.
Osteoderms are found in many groups of extant and extinct reptiles and amphibians, including lizards, crocodilians, frogs, temnospondyls (extinct amphibians), various groups of dinosaurs (most notably ankylosaurs and stegosaurians), phytosaurs, aetosaurs, placodonts, and hupehsuchians (marine reptiles with possible ichthyosaur affinities).
In 2015, he reported that the blocks contained osteoderms, the first confirmation of their existence on Alamosaurus. [4] The restored Alamosaurus skeletal mount at the Perot Museum (pictured right) was discovered when student Dana Biasatti, a member of an excavation team at a nearby site, went on a hike to search for more dinosaur bones in the ...
The osteoderms ranged from 1 centimeter (1 ⁄ 2 in) in diameter to 35.5 cm (14 in) in length, and varied in shape. The osteoderms of Ankylosaurus were generally thin walled and hollowed on the underside. Compared to Euoplocephalus, the osteoderms of Ankylosaurus were smoother. Many smaller osteoderms and ossicles probably occupied the space ...
Caputegulae (Latin "skull tiles") are flat bones covering the skull bones of ankylosaurs. Together with the pyramidal-shaped horns, they form the ornamentation of the skull. Coined by William T. Blowes in 2001, [23] the term can be used for elements representing both co-ossified osteoderms or cranial sculpturing. The position of a caputegulum ...
A row of small osteoderms (skin bones) was present down the middle of the neck, back, and tail. Additional osteoderms were present at unknown positions on the animal's body. Ceratosaurus gives its name to Ceratosauria, a clade of theropod dinosaurs that diverged early on from the evolutionary lineage leading to modern birds.
Ankylosauria is a group of herbivorous dinosaurs of the clade Ornithischia. It includes the great majority of dinosaurs with armor in the form of bony osteoderms, similar to turtles . Ankylosaurs were bulky quadrupeds , with short, powerful limbs.
The type 2 osteoderms have a morphology which is typically seen in osteoderms that are positioned along the sides of the thorax and tail, as seen in specimens of Tarchia, Saichania and Scolosaurus. Type 5 osteoderms are represented by a singular, fragmentary osteoderm that has an off-centred straight keel and a round, flat base.