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  2. Tornadogenesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornadogenesis

    As the mesocyclone lowers below the cloud base, it begins to take in cool, moist air from the downdraft region of the storm. The convergence of this cool air and the warm air in the updraft causes a rotating wall cloud to form. The RFD also focuses the mesocyclone's base, causing it to siphon air from a smaller and smaller area on the ground.

  3. Mesoscale convective system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoscale_convective_system

    Organized thunderstorms and thunderstorm clusters/lines can have longer life cycles as they form in environments of sufficient moisture, significant vertical wind shear (normally greater than 25 knots (13 m/s) in the lowest 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) of the troposphere) [5]), which aids the development of stronger updrafts as well as various forms ...

  4. Cumulonimbus cloud - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulonimbus_cloud

    Cumulonimbus storm cells can produce torrential rain of a convective nature (often in the form of a rain shaft) and flash flooding, as well as straight-line winds. Most storm cells die after about 20 minutes, when the precipitation causes more downdraft than updraft, causing the energy to dissipate.

  5. Mesocyclone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocyclone

    The second method occurs during a supercell thunderstorm, in updrafts within the storm. When winds intensify, the force released can cause the updrafts to rotate. This rotating updraft is known as a mesocyclone. [8] For a tornado to form in this manner, a rear-flank downdraft enters the center of the mesocyclone from the back. Cold air, being ...

  6. Supercell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercell

    The first storm to be identified as the supercell type was the Wokingham storm over England, which was studied by Keith Browning and Frank Ludlam in 1962. [4] Browning did the initial work that was followed up by Lemon and Doswell to develop the modern conceptual model of the supercell. [ 5 ]

  7. Thunderstorm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstorm

    A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm or a lightning storm, is a storm characterized by the presence of lightning [1] and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere, known as thunder. [2] Relatively weak thunderstorms are sometimes called thundershowers. [3] Thunderstorms occur in a type of cloud known as a cumulonimbus. [4]

  8. Squall line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall_line

    Pressure perturbations around thunderstorms are noteworthy. With buoyancy rapid within the lower and mid-levels of a mature thunderstorm, updraft and downdraft create distinct mesocenters of pressure. As thunderstorms organized in squall lines, the northern end of the squall line is commonly referred to as the cyclonic end, with the southern ...

  9. Multicellular thunderstorm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicellular_thunderstorm

    The formation of multicellular thunderstorms imply that the updraft in the mother thunderstorm is offset from its downdraft. New cells usually form in the upwind (usually western or southwestern) part of the storm where the downdrafts of the mature cells meet the environmental wind, lifting air parcels and triggering new convection.