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Mars 5 was launched by a Proton-K carrier rocket with a Blok D upper stage, flying from Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 81/24. [3] The launch occurred at 18:55:48 UTC on 25 July 1973, with the first three stages placing the spacecraft and upper stage into a low Earth parking orbit before the Blok D fired to propel Mars 5 into heliocentric orbit bound for Mars.
The first Mars Design Reference Mission [4] was a NASA study completed in May 1993, under the auspices of the Space Exploration Initiative (SEI). [5] The objective [ 6 ] was to develop a "Reference Mission" based on previous studies and data, where the Reference Mission serves as a basis for comparing different approaches and criteria from ...
Mars 5M grew out of the Mars 5NM and Mars 4NM missions that were canceled along with their intended launch vehicle, the N1 rocket, in 1974. [1] The following year, Soviet Minister of Defence Dmitry Ustinov, at the urging of Alexander Pavlovich Vinogradov, directed Lavochkin to develop 5M as a sample return mission to launch in 1980.
The Mars Observer spacecraft, also known as the Mars Geoscience/Climatology Orbiter, was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on September 25, 1992, to study the Martian surface, atmosphere, climate and magnetic field.
The dark streaks on Mars are an albedo feature which is related to dust distribution; these albedo features on Mars slowly change over time, and in the last few decades have been monitored by Mars orbiters. [11] Schiaparelli is famous for making hand-drawn maps of Mars during its 1877 oppositions with Earth with an optical refracting telescope. [4]
Credit: LEGO When fully assembled, the model features 360-degree steering and a moveable arm; it's also accompanied with a mission companion Ingenuity Helicopter – mirroring the real Mars Rover ...
5.5 kg (12 lb) Power: Max 17 watts Data return: ≈11 megabytes: Temperature: accuracy: 5 K resolution: 0.1 K Relative humidity: accuracy of 10% in the 200-323 K range Pressure: Range: 1 to 1150 Pa accuracy: 20 Pa resolution: 0.5 Pa Radiation: eight upward looking photodiodes: • 255 +/– 5 nm for the O 3 • 295 +/– 5 nm for the O 3
The MAE integration module. The MAE was mounted to the left-front top corner of the Mars Pathfinder Sojourner rover. The Materials Adherence Experiment (MAE) was a material science experiment conducted between July 4, 1997, and August 12, 1997, during NASA's Mars Pathfinder mission. [1]