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NSAID identification on label of generic ibuprofen, an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1] [3] (NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) alleviate pain by counteracting the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme. [1] On its own, COX enzyme synthesizes prostaglandins, creating inflammation. In whole, the NSAIDs prevent the prostaglandins from ever being synthesized, reducing or eliminating the inflammation and resulting pain. [citation needed]
A nonsteroidal compound is a drug that is not a steroid nor a steroid derivative. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are distinguished from corticosteroids as a class of anti-inflammatory agents .
As with other NSAIDs, ibuprofen has been reported to be a photosensitizing agent, [38] but it is considered a weak photosensitizing agent compared to other members of the 2-arylpropionic acid class. Like other NSAIDs, ibuprofen is an extremely rare cause of the autoimmune diseases Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Naproxen was patented in 1967 and approved for medical use in the United States in 1976. [ 11 ] [ 8 ] [ 12 ] In the United States it is available over-the-counter and as a generic medication . [ 8 ] [ 13 ] In 2022, it was the 88th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 7 million prescriptions.
Indometacin, also known as indomethacin, is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as a prescription medication to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling from inflammation. It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, endogenous signaling molecules known to cause these symptoms.
Prostaglandin inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin in human body. [1] There are various types of prostaglandins responsible for different physiological reactions such as maintaining the blood flow in stomach and kidney, regulating the contraction of involuntary muscles and blood vessels, and act as a mediator of inflammation and pain.
On 9 July 2015, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toughened warnings of increased heart attack and stroke risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). [223] Aspirin is an NSAID but is not affected by the new warnings. [223]