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10 April – Alexey Ekimyan, Armenian-Russian composer; 20 April – Mirian Tsalkalamanidze, Olympic wrestler; 15 May – Leila Mardanshina, oil and gas operator (died 2017) 16 May – Boris Tokarev, Olympic athlete; 28 May – Aleksandr Moiseyev, Olympic basketball player; 3 June – Evgeny Chuprun, painter
The 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was held during 2–19 December 1927 in Moscow. It was attended by 898 delegates with a casting vote and 771 with a consultative vote. [1] The congress ended an inner-party struggle, as Leon Trotsky, Gregorii Zinoviev and other opponents of Joseph Stalin were expelled from the ...
Russia’s Road From Peace to War: Soviet Foreign Relations 1917–1941. (1969). Online free to borrow; Haslam, Jonathan. The Soviet Union and the Struggle for Collective Security in Europe 1933–1939 (1984). Kennan, George F. Russia and the West under Lenin and Stalin (1961). Online free to borrow; Laqueur, Walter.
The frontiers between Poland, which had established an unstable independent government following World War I, and the former Tsarist empire, were rendered chaotic by the repercussions of the Russian revolutions, the civil war and the winding down of World War I. Poland's Józef Piłsudski envisioned a new federation (Międzymorze), forming a ...
Russian Civil War: The Czecho-Slovak Legions began its revolt against the Bolshevik government. 28 May: Armenia and Azerbaijan declared their mutual independence. 8 June: Russian Civil War: An anti-Bolshevik government, the Committee of Members of the Constituent Assembly, was established in Samara under the protection of the Czecho-Slovak ...
Under the 1992 Lisbon Protocol, Russia also agreed to receive all nuclear weapons remaining in the territory of other former Soviet republics. Since then, the Russian Federation has assumed the Soviet Union's rights and obligations, and is widely viewed as the USSR's successor state. [110]
The United Opposition (Russian: Объединённая оппозиция, romanized: Ob"yedinennaya oppozitsiya, sometimes translated Joint Opposition) was a group formed in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in early 1926, when the Left Opposition led by Leon Trotsky, merged with the New Opposition led by Grigory Zinoviev and his close ally Lev Kamenev, in order to strengthen ...
Vladimir Cherniaev, a leading Russian historian, sums up Trotsky's main contributions to the Russian Revolution: Trotsky bears a great deal of responsibility both for the victory of the Red Army in the civil war, and for the establishment of a one-party authoritarian state with its apparatus for ruthlessly suppressing dissent...