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Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) refers to daily naltrexone dosages that are roughly one-tenth of the standard opioid addiction treatment dosage. Most published research suggests a daily dosage of 4.5 mg, but this can vary by a few milligrams. [ 1 ] Low-dose naltrexone has been studied for the treatment of multiple chronic pain disorders including ...
It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy. [8][13]Naltrexone is an opioid antagonistand works by blocking the effects of opioids, including both opioid drugs as well as opioids naturally produced in the brain. [8] Naltrexone was first made in 1965 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984.
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window ...
Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. [1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses. [ 2 ]
Effective dose (pharmacology) In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [1][2] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro. [3]
Pharmacokinetics. A graph depicting a typical time course of drug plasma concentration over 96 hours, with oral administrations every 24 hours. The main pharmacokinetic metrics are annotated. Steady state is reached after about 5 × 12 = 60 hours. Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion ...
A dose-ranging study is a clinical trial where different doses of an agent (e.g. a drug) are tested against each other to establish which dose works best and/or is least harmful. Dose-ranging is usually a pre-clinical, phase I or early phase II clinical trial. Typically a dose ranging study will include a placebo group of subjects, and a few ...
Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a branch of clinical chemistry and clinical pharmacology that specializes in the measurement of medication levels in blood. Its main focus is on drugs with a narrow therapeutic range, i.e. drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. [ 1 ] TDM aimed at improving patient care by individually adjusting the ...