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Modern Defense. The Modern Defense (also known as the Robatsch Defence after Karl Robatsch) is a hypermodern chess opening in which Black allows White to occupy the center with pawns on d4 and e4, then proceeds to attack and undermine this "ideal" center without attempting to occupy it. The Modern Defense usually starts with the opening moves:
The Giuoco Piano (Italian for 'Quiet Game'; pronounced [ˈdʒwɔːko ˈpjaːno]) [1] is a chess opening beginning with the moves: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 "White aims to develop quickly – but so does Black. White can construct a pawn centre but in unfavourable conditions a centre which cannot provide a basis for further active play." [3]
The Nimzowitsch Defence (named after Aron Nimzowitsch) is a somewhat uncommon chess opening characterised by the moves: 1. e4 Nc6. This opening is an example of a hypermodern opening in which Black invites White to occupy the centre of the board at an early stage with pawns. [ 1 ] Black's intent is to block or otherwise restrain White's central ...
A related idea is found in the Caro-Kann Defence after 1.e4 c6 2.Ne2 d5 3.e5 c5 4.b4, however Black can immediately achieve an advantage by playing 4...d4! (this move is also strong in the second French line given above). Even rarer is the Wing Gambit in the Bishop's Opening, 1.e4 e5 2.Bc4 Bc5 3.b4, which has some resemblance to the Evans Gambit.
The English Defence was rarely seen in master play before the Second World War, but early instances can be found in the games of Henry Bird, Gyula Breyer, Aron Nimzowitsch and Richard Reti. In the late 1940s and early 1950s the Leicester player P. N. Wallis investigated the potential of the opening, and in the 1970s it was taken up by several ...
The Trompowsky Attack[ a ] is a chess opening that begins with the moves: 1. d4 Nf6. 2. Bg5. White prepares to exchange the bishop for Black's knight, inflicting doubled pawns upon Black in the process. This is not a lethal threat; Black can choose to fall in with White's plan. The Trompowsky is a popular alternative to the more common lines ...
Indian Defence. In the game of chess, Indian Defence or Indian Game is a broad term for a group of openings characterised by the moves: They are all to varying degrees hypermodern defences, where Black invites White to establish an imposing presence in the centre with the plan of undermining and ultimately destroying it. Although the Indian ...
Philidor's Defence. The Philidor Defence (or Philidor's Defence) is a chess opening characterised by the moves: 1. e4 e5. 2. Nf3 d6. The opening is named after the famous 18th-century player François-André Danican Philidor, who advocated it as an alternative to the common 2...Nc6. His original idea was to challenge White's centre by the pawn ...