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Effective dose (pharmacology) In pharmacology, an effective dose (ED) or effective concentration (EC) is the dose or concentration of a drug that produces a biological response. [1][2] The term "effective dose" is used when measurements are taken in vivo, while "effective concentration" is used when the measurements are taken in vitro. [3]
The [A] at which E is 50% of E max is termed the half maximal effective concentration and is abbreviated EC 50, or rarely [A] 50. The term "potency" refers to the EC 50 value. The lower the EC 50, the less the concentration of a drug is required to produce 50% of maximum effect and the higher the potency. The EC 10 and EC 90 concentrations to ...
The therapeutic index (TI; also referred to as therapeutic ratio) is a quantitative measurement of the relative safety of a drug with regard to risk of overdose. It is a comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes toxicity to the amount that causes the therapeutic effect. [1] The related terms therapeutic window or safety window ...
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including humans), microorganisms, or combinations of organisms (for example, infection). Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics are the main branches of pharmacology ...
The parameters of the dose response curve reflect measures of potency (such as EC50, IC50, ED50, etc.) and measures of efficacy (such as tissue, cell or population response). A commonly used dose–response curve is the EC 50 curve, the half maximal effective concentration, where the EC 50 point is defined as the inflection point of the curve.
In pharmacology, potency or biological potency[1] is a measure of a drug's biological activity expressed in terms of the dose required to produce a pharmacological effect of given intensity. [2] A highly potent drug (e.g., fentanyl, clonazepam, risperidone, benperidol, bumetanide) evokes a given response at low concentrations, while a drug of ...
Pharmacokinetics. A graph depicting a typical time course of drug plasma concentration over 96 hours, with oral administrations every 24 hours. The main pharmacokinetic metrics are annotated. Steady state is reached after about 5 × 12 = 60 hours. Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion ...
Dose (biochemistry) A dose is a measured quantity of a medicine, nutrient, or pathogen that is delivered as a unit. The greater the quantity delivered, the larger the dose. Doses are most commonly measured for compounds in medicine. The term is usually applied to the quantity of a drug or other agent administered for therapeutic purposes, but ...