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The aim of sterilization is the reduction of initially present microorganisms or other potential pathogens. The degree of sterilization is commonly expressed by multiples of the decimal reduction time, or D-value, denoting the time needed to reduce the initial number to one tenth ( ) of its original value. [11]
Autoclave. Cutaway illustration of a cylindrical-chamber autoclave. An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature. Autoclaves are used before surgical procedures to perform sterilization and in the chemical industry ...
Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing micro-organisms (such as pathogenic bacteria, viruses, pathogenic fungi, and parasites). [1] There are two categories of asepsis: medical and surgical. [1] The modern day notion of asepsis is derived from the older antiseptic techniques, a shift initiated by different individuals in the ...
Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry. The composition (molecular structure), properties (mass, viscosity, etc) and transformations (chemical reactions, reactant products) of an ingredient are addressed and utilized in the preparation and appreciation of the ingested products.
Microbial cultures on solid and liquid media. A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used as research tools in molecular biology.
Used for intravenous injections and cannulation. Microscope. used for visualising minute structures, including microbes. Bunsen burner or spirit lamps or candles. source of fire / heat. Ultracentrifuge. used to separate particles dispersed in a liquid according to their molecular mass. Electrophoresis apparatus.
used for sterilization of glass ware and media. Auto-destruct syringes. specimen collection. Bijou bottle. a cylindrical small glass bottle with a screw cap used as a culture medium holder. Biosafety cabinet. used to work with dangerous organisms and to work sterile. Blood collection bottle.
Laboratory ovens are a common piece of equipment that can be found in electronics, materials processing, forensic, and research laboratories. These ovens generally provide pinpoint temperature control and uniform temperatures throughout the heating process. The following applications are some of the common uses for laboratory ovens: annealing ...