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Air-free techniques refer to a range of manipulations in the chemistry laboratory for the handling of compounds that are air-sensitive. These techniques prevent the compounds from reacting with components of air, usually water and oxygen; less commonly carbon dioxide and nitrogen. A common theme among these techniques is the use of a fine (10 0 ...
Molecular gastronomy is the scientific approach of cuisine from primarily the perspective of chemistry. The composition (molecular structure), properties (mass, viscosity, etc) and transformations (chemical reactions, reactant products) of an ingredient are addressed and utilized in the preparation and appreciation of the ingested products.
Sous vide cooking using thermal immersion circulator machines. Sous vide (/ s uː ˈ v iː d /; French for 'under vacuum' [1]), also known as low-temperature, long-time (LTLT) cooking, [2] [3] [4] is a method of cooking invented by the French chef Georges Pralus in 1974, [5] [6] in which food is placed in a plastic pouch or a glass jar and cooked in a water bath for longer than usual cooking ...
Microbial cultures on solid and liquid media. A microbiological culture, or microbial culture, is a method of multiplying microbial organisms by letting them reproduce in predetermined culture medium under controlled laboratory conditions. Microbial cultures are foundational and basic diagnostic methods used as research tools in molecular biology.
brine. To soak a food item in salted water. broasting. A method of cooking chicken and other foods using a pressure fryer and condiments. browning. The process of partially cooking the surface of meat to help remove excessive fat and to give the meat a brown color crust and flavor through various browning reactions.
Round-bottom flasks (also called round-bottomed flasks or RB flasks) are types of flasks having spherical bottoms used as laboratory glassware, mostly for chemical or biochemical work. [1] They are typically made of glass for chemical inertness; and in modern days, they are usually made of heat-resistant borosilicate glass.
A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet —is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level. Several different types of BSC exist, differentiated by the ...
Deep frying – food is submerged in hot oil or fat. This is normally performed with a deep fryer or chip pan. Gentle frying. Hot salt frying. Pan frying – cooking food in a pan using a small amount of cooking oil or fat as a heat transfer agent and to keep the food from sticking. Pressure frying.