Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1), is a G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptor that in humans is encoded by the CNR1 gene. [5] And discovered, by determination and characterization in 1988, [6] and cloned in 1990 for the first time. [7][8][9] The human CB1 receptor is expressed in the peripheral nervous system and central nervous system. [5]
There are two known subtypes of cannabinoid receptors, termed CB 1 and CB 2. [6] [7] The CB 1 receptor is expressed mainly in the brain (central nervous system or "CNS"), but also in the lungs, liver and kidneys. The CB 2 receptor is expressed mainly in the immune system, in hematopoietic cells, [8] and in parts of the brain. [9]
3D model of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannaboid. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a biological system composed of endocannabinoids, which are neurotransmitters that bind to cannabinoid receptors, and cannabinoid receptor proteins that are expressed throughout the central nervous system (including the brain) and peripheral nervous system ...
CB 1 receptors are absent in the medulla oblongata, the part of the brain stem responsible for respiratory and cardiovascular functions. CB1 is also found in the human anterior eye and retina. CB1 is also found in the human anterior eye and retina.
The anticonvulsant effects provided by cannabidiol (Epidiolex) in people with certain forms of epilepsy do not appear to involve cannabinoid receptors. [4] A possible mechanism for the effects of cannabidiol on seizures is by affecting the neuronal movement of calcium in brain structures involved in the excessive electrical activity of seizures ...
For example, Δ 9-THC has an EC 50 of 250 nM at CB 1 and 1157 nM at CB 2, whereas PB-22 has an EC 50 of 5.1 nM at CB 1 and 37 nM at CB 2. [8] Adverse effects observed due to synthetic cannabinoid use include acute kidney injury , cardiac toxicity , seizure , stroke , tremor , hypokalemia , and rhabdomyolysis .
In the U.S., the National Institute on Drug Abuse defines medical cannabis as "using the whole, unprocessed marijuana plant or its basic extracts to treat symptoms of illness and other conditions". [ 14 ] A cannabis plant includes more than 400 different chemicals, of which about 70 are cannabinoids. [ 15 ]
The plant-biosynthesized cannabinoid cannabidiol also shows "either direct or indirect activation" of TRPV1 receptors. [69] [42] TRPV1 colocalizes with CB1 receptors and CB2 receptors in sensory and brain neurons respectively, and other plant-cannabinoids like CBN, CBG, CBC, THCV, and CBDV are also agonists of this ion channel.