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  2. Arsenic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic

    Arsenic may be an essential trace mineral in birds, involved in the synthesis of methionine metabolites, with feeding recommendations being between 0.012 and 0.050 mg/kg. [120] Some evidence indicates that arsenic is an essential trace mineral in mammals. However, the biological function is not known. [14] [15]

  3. Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_discovery...

    The chemical elements were discovered in identified minerals and with the help of the identified elements the mineral crystal structure could be described. One milestone was the discovery of the geometrical law of crystallization by René Just Haüy , a further development of the work by Nicolas Steno and Jean-Baptiste L. Romé de l'Isle (the ...

  4. Arsenical bronze - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenical_bronze

    Arsenical bronze. Arsenical bronze is an alloy in which arsenic, as opposed to or in addition to tin or other constituent metals, is combined with copper to make bronze. The use of arsenic with copper, either as the secondary constituent or with another component such as tin, results in a stronger final product and better casting behavior.

  5. Metals of antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metals_of_antiquity

    Metal production in the ancient Middle East. The metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for in prehistoric times in Africa, Europe and throughout Asia: [1] gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury. Zinc, arsenic, and antimony were also known during antiquity, but they were not recognised as ...

  6. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre...

    Sican tumi, or ceremonial knife, Peru, 850–1500 CE. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America is the extraction, purification and alloying of metals and metal crafting by Indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to European contact in the late 15th century. Indigenous Americans had been using native metals from ancient times, with recent finds of ...

  7. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallurgy_in_pre...

    The emergence of metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica occurred relatively late in the region's history, with distinctive works of metal apparent in West Mexico by roughly 800 CE, and perhaps as early as 600 CE. [1] Metallurgical techniques likely diffused northward from regions in Central or South America via maritime trade routes ...

  8. Tin sources and trade during antiquity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_sources_and_trade...

    Tin is an essential metal in the creation of tin- bronzes, and its acquisition was an important part of ancient cultures from the Bronze Age onward. Its use began in the Middle East and the Balkans around 3000 BC. Tin is a relatively rare element in the Earth's crust, with about two parts per million (ppm), compared to iron with 50,000 ppm ...

  9. History of mineralogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_mineralogy

    History of mineralogy. Early writing on mineralogy, especially on gemstones, comes from ancient Babylonia, the ancient Greco-Roman world, ancient and medieval China, and Sanskrit texts from ancient India. [1] Books on the subject included the Naturalis Historia of Pliny the Elder which not only described many different minerals but also ...