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  2. Point estimation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_estimation

    More formally, it is the application of a point estimator to the data to obtain a point estimate. Point estimation can be contrasted with interval estimation: such interval estimates are typically either confidence intervals, in the case of frequentist inference, or credible intervals, in the case of Bayesian inference. More generally, a point ...

  3. Geostatistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostatistics

    Geostatistics is a branch of statistics focusing on spatial or spatiotemporal datasets.Developed originally to predict probability distributions of ore grades for mining operations, [1] it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry, geometallurgy, geography, forestry, environmental control, landscape ...

  4. Data model (GIS) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_model_(GIS)

    For example, a building consists of an infinite number of points in space; a vector polygon represents it with a few ordered points, which are connected into a closed outline by straight lines and assuming all interior points are part of the building; furthermore, a "height" attribute may be the only representation of its three-dimensional volume.

  5. Distance sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distance_sampling

    The main methods are based on line transects or point transects. [1] [2] In this method of sampling, the data collected are the distances of the objects being surveyed from these randomly placed lines or points, and the objective is to estimate the average density of the objects within a region. [3]

  6. Boundary problem (spatial analysis) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_problem_(spatial...

    That is, for measurement or administrative purposes, geographic boundaries are drawn, but the boundaries per se can bring about different spatial patterns in geographic phenomena. [5] It has been reported that the difference in the way of drawing the boundary significantly affects identification of the spatial distribution and estimation of the ...

  7. Statistical geography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_geography

    Statistical geography is the study and practice of collecting, analysing and presenting data that has a geographic or areal dimension, such as census or demographics data. It uses techniques from spatial analysis , but also encompasses geographical activities such as the defining and naming of geographical regions for statistical purposes.

  8. Geographic information science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_science

    Geographic information science (GIScience, GISc) or geoinformation science is a scientific discipline at the crossroads of computational science, social science, and natural science that studies geographic information, including how it represents phenomena in the real world, how it represents the way humans understand the world, and how it can be captured, organized, and analyzed.

  9. Glossary of geography terms (A–M) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_geography_terms...

    The point in a geometric figure for which the coordinates are the average values of the coordinates of all other points in the figure, i.e. the arithmetic mean position of all points in the figure; or the point with the smallest possible average distance from all other points of the figure. In geography, the geographical center of a region of ...