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The Middle Ages began with the end of the Roman era and many Roman building techniques were lost. But some Roman techniques, including the use of iron ring-beams, appear to have been used in the Palatine Chapel at Aachen, c. 800 AD, where it is believed builders from the Lombard Kingdom in northern Italy contributed to the work. [25]
Year Game Developer Setting Platform Notes 1964: The Sumerian Game: Mabel Addis: Historical: MAIN: Text-based game based on the ancient Sumerian city of Lagash. [1]1969: The Sumer Game
Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. No theory of structures existed and understanding of how structures stood up was extremely limited, and based almost entirely on empirical evidence of 'what ...
Since the discussion of construction techniques to lift the blocks attempts to resolve a gap in the archaeological and historical record with a plausible functional explanation, the following examples by Isler, Keable, and Hussey-Pailos [28] list experimentally tested methods. Isler's method (1985, 1987) is an incremental method and, in the ...
Roman engineers used inverted siphons to move water across a valley if they judged it impractical to build a raised aqueduct. The Roman legions were largely responsible for building the aqueducts. Maintenance was often done by slaves. [2] The Romans were among the first civilizations to harness the power of water.
The first known use of gunpowder in underground construction occurred in France in 1681. The invention of dynamite and steam and compressed air powered drills in the 18th century revolutionized the industry. The 19th century saw innovations in shield tunneling techniques which made underground construction in soil safer.
Regularity of streets and buildings suggests the influence of ancient urban planning in Mohenjo-daro's construction. Mohenjo-daro had a planned layout with rectilinear buildings arranged on a grid plan. [10] Most were built of fired and mortared brick; some incorporated sun-dried mud-brick and wooden superstructures.
Ancient India was also at the forefront of seafaring technology - a panel found at Mohenjo-daro, depicts a sailing craft. Ship construction is vividly described in the Yukti Kalpa Taru, an ancient Indian text on Shipbuilding. (The Yukti Kalpa Taru had been translated and published by Prof. Aufrecht in his 'Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts').