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[11] 11% of primary lung cancers (cancers that start in the lung) have cavities that can be seen on chest X-ray; 22% of primary lung cancers will have cavities on CT, which is more sensitive. [2] Squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung is more likely to develop cavitations than lung adenocarcinoma or large-cell lung carcinoma. [2]
The main chest X-ray findings that can suggest inactive TB are: [2] 1. Discrete fibrotic scar or linear opacity—Discrete linear or reticular densities within the lung. The edges of these densities should be distinct and there should be no suggestion of airspace opacification or haziness between or surrounding these densities.
AP chest x-rays are harder to read than PA x-rays and are therefore generally reserved for situations where it is difficult for the patient to get an ordinary chest x-ray, such as when the patient is bedridden. In this situation, mobile X-ray equipment is used to obtain a lying down chest x-ray (known as a "supine film").
Diagnosis is usually done by chest imaging, e.g. chest X-ray or CT scan. Among these, a CT scan is the most sensitive test, which shows loss of lung architecture and multiple small thin walled cavities. [3] Often cultures from bronchoalveolar lavage and blood may be done for identification of the causative organism(s). [8]
CT scanning is more sensitive and better at detecting pulmonary laceration than X-rays are, [1] [5] [12] [15] and often reveals multiple lacerations in cases where chest X-ray showed only a contusion. [12] Before CT scanning was widely available, pulmonary laceration was considered unusual because it was not common to find with X-ray alone. [12]
A subpulmonic effusion is excess fluid that collects at the base of the lung, in the space between the pleura and diaphragm. It is a type of pleural effusion in which the fluid collects in this particular space but can be "layered out" with decubitus chest radiographs.
Typically, an area of white lung is seen on a standard X-ray. [5] Consolidated tissue is more radio-opaque than normally aerated lung parenchyma, so that it is clearly demonstrable in radiography and on CT scans. Consolidation is often a middle-to-late stage feature/complication in pulmonary infections.
CT scan in a patient with usual interstitial pneumonia, showing interstitial thickening, architectural distortion, honeycombing and bronchiectasis.. In radiology, honeycombing or "honeycomb lung" is the radiological appearance seen with widespread pulmonary fibrosis [1] and is defined by the presence of small cystic spaces with irregularly thickened walls composed of fibrous tissue.