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Despite thorium's position in the f-block of the periodic table, it has an anomalous [Rn]6d 2 7s 2 electron configuration in the ground state, as the 5f and 6d subshells in the early actinides are very close in energy, even more so than the 4f and 5d subshells of the lanthanides: thorium's 6d subshells are lower in energy than its 5f subshells ...
For each atom the subshells are given first in concise form, then with all subshells written out, followed by the number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s 2 3p 3 .
6s 2 4f 0 5d 1 Actinium: 89 7s 2 5f 0 6d 1 Cerium: 58 6s 2 4f 1 5d 1 Thorium: 90 7s 2 5f 0 6d 2 Praseodymium: 59 6s 2 4f 3 5d 0 Protactinium: 91 7s 2 5f 2 6d 1 Neodymium: 60 6s 2 4f 4 5d 0 Uranium: 92 7s 2 5f 3 6d 1 Promethium: 61 6s 2 4f 5 5d 0 Neptunium: 93 7s 2 5f 4 6d 1 Samarium: 62 6s 2 4f 6 5d 0 Plutonium: 94 7s 2 5f 6 6d 0 Europium: 63 ...
Thorium reacts with hydrogen to form the thorium hydrides ThH 2 and Th 4 H 15, the latter of which is superconducting below the transition temperature of 7.5–8 K; at standard temperature and pressure, it conducts electricity like a metal. [12] Thorium is the only metallic element that readily forms a hydride higher than MH 3. [31]
Rock and dust samples retrieved by NASA from the asteroid Bennu exhibit some of the chemical building blocks of life, according to research that provides some of the best evidence to date that ...
In today's puzzle, there are eight theme words to find (including the spangram). Hint: The first one can be found in the top half of the board. Here are the first two letters for each word: LA. DA ...
Public health experts are warning of a ‘quad-demic’ this winter. Here’s where flu, COVID, RSV, and norovirus are spreading
Thorium resources have not been estimated and assessed with a higher level of confidence, as in the case of uranium. Approximately 6 million tonnes of thorium have been estimated globally based on currently limited exploration and mainly on historical data. [4] [5] Thorium resources are found widely in over 35 countries all over the world.