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The Virgo Collaboration is part of the larger LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) Collaboration, which gathers scientists from the other major gravitational-waves experiments to jointly analyse the data; this is crucial for gravitational-wave detection. [10] [11] LVK began in 2007 [5] as the LIGO-Virgo Collaboration, and was expanded when KAGRA joined in 2019.
LIGO-India, or INDIGO, is a planned collaborative project between the LIGO Laboratory and the Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations (IndIGO) to create a gravitational-wave detector in India. The LIGO Laboratory, in collaboration with the US National Science Foundation and Advanced LIGO partners from the U.K., Germany and ...
Direct observation of gravitational waves, which commenced with the detection of an event by LIGO in 2015, [1] plays a key role in gravitational wave astronomy.LIGO has been involved in all subsequent detections to date, with Virgo joining in August 2017.
The second generation upgrades were made during the early 2010s, lasting from 2010 to 2014 for LIGO and 2011 to 2017 for Virgo. In parallel, the KAGRA project was launched in Japan in 2010. In 2015, soon after restarting observations, the two LIGO detectors achieved the first direct observation of gravitational waves.
[41] [40] The second generation of detectors operating in the 2010s, mostly at the same facilities like LIGO and Virgo, improved on these designs with sophisticated techniques such as cryogenic mirrors and the injection of squeezed vacuum. [41] This led to the first unambiguous detection of a gravitational wave by Advanced LIGO in 2015.
Additionally, Advanced Virgo, KAGRA, and a possible third LIGO detector in India will extend the network and significantly improve the position reconstruction and parameter estimation of sources. [3] Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a proposed space based observation mission to detect gravitational waves.
KAGRA is a laser interferometric gravitational wave detector. It is near the neutrino physics experiments. KAGRA detector participated in the O3 observing run of LIGO and Virgo in 2019 and 2020. [5] [6] and in O4a for a month before going back to commissioning. [7]
GEO600 is a gravitational wave detector located near Sarstedt, a town 20 kilometres (12 mi) to the south of Hanover, Germany.It is designed and operated by scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics, Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics and the Leibniz Universität Hannover, along with University of Glasgow, University of Birmingham and Cardiff University in the ...