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Quantum superposition is a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics that states that linear combinations of solutions to the Schrödinger equation are also solutions of the Schrödinger equation. This follows from the fact that the Schrödinger equation is a linear differential equation in time and position.
A primary approach to computing the behavior of a wave function is to write it as a superposition (called "quantum superposition") of (possibly infinitely many) other wave functions of a certain type—stationary states whose behavior is particularly simple. Since the Schrödinger equation is linear, the behavior of the original wave function ...
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms. [2]: 1.1 It is the foundation of all quantum physics, which includes quantum chemistry, quantum field theory, quantum technology, and quantum information science. Quantum mechanics can describe many systems that classical physics cannot.
One example of superposition is the double-slit experiment, in which superposition leads to quantum interference. Another example of the importance of relative phase is Rabi oscillations, where the relative phase of two states varies in time due to the Schrödinger equation. The resulting superposition ends up oscillating back and forth between ...
For example, an electron in the state 1 / √2 |1 + i / √2 |2 is in a quantum superposition of the states |1 and |2 . Measurements are associated with linear operators (called observables) on the Hilbert space of quantum states. Dynamics are also described by linear operators on the Hilbert space.
The quantum nature of the system is simply entangled into the environment so that a total superposition of the wave function still exists, but exists—at least for all practical purposes—beyond the realm of measurement. [22] [23] By definition, the claim that a merged but unmeasurable wave function still exists cannot be proven ...
At the heart of quantum “weirdness” and the measurement problem, there is a concept called “superposition.” Because the possible states of a quantum system are described using wave ...
Quantum parallelism is the heuristic that quantum computers can be thought of as evaluating a function for multiple input values simultaneously. This can be achieved by preparing a quantum system in a superposition of input states and applying a unitary transformation that encodes the function to be evaluated.