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A floating building is a building unit with a flotation system at its base, to allow it to float on water. It is common to define such a building as being "permanently moored" and not usable in navigation. [1] [2] Floating buildings are usually towed into location by another ship and are unable to move under their own power.
Asphalt and sandbag revetment with a geotextile filter. A revetment in stream restoration, river engineering or coastal engineering is a facing of impact-resistant material (such as stone, concrete, sandbags, or wooden piles) applied to a bank or wall in order to absorb the energy of incoming water and protect it from erosion.
An illustration of Devonshire Redoubt, Bermuda, 1614. A redoubt (historically redout) [1] [2] is a fort or fort system usually consisting of an enclosed defensive emplacement outside a larger fort, usually relying on earthworks, although some are constructed of stone or brick. [3]
Types of breakwaters include vertical wall breakwater, mound breakwater and mound with superstructure or composite breakwater. A breakwater structure is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass (e.g. with caissons), or by using a revetment slope (e.g. with rock or concrete armour units).
As a rule, the mega-float is a floating structure having at least one length dimension greater than 60 metres (200 ft) Horizontally large floating structures can be from 500 to 5,000 metres (1,600 to 16,400 ft) in length and 100 to 1,000 metres (330 to 3,280 ft) in width, with typical thickness of 2 to 10 metres (6.6 to 32.8 ft).
The tieback-deadman structure resists forces that would otherwise cause the wall to lean, as for example, when a seawall is pushed seaward by water trapped on the landward side after a heavy rain. Tiebacks are drilled into soil using a small diameter shaft, and usually installed at an angle of 15 to 45 degrees.
Tetrapods on Graciosa Island, Azores Tetrapods in Latvia Tetrapods protecting a marina on Crete, Greece.. A tetrapod is a form of wave-dissipating concrete block used to prevent erosion caused by weather and longshore drift, primarily to enforce coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters.
Floating raft is a land-based building foundation that protects it against settlement and liquefaction of soft soil from seismic activity. It was a necessary innovation in the development of tall buildings in the wet soil of Chicago in the 19th century, when it was developed by John Wellborn Root who came up with the idea of interlacing the concrete slab with steel beams.