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A floating building is a building unit with a flotation system at its base, to allow it to float on water. It is common to define such a building as being "permanently moored" and not usable in navigation. [1] [2] Floating buildings are usually towed into location by another ship and are unable to move under their own power.
Precast concrete retaining wall A typical cross-section of a slope used in two-dimensional analyzes. Geotechnical engineering , also known as geotechnics , is the branch of civil engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of earth materials .
Floodwalls are mainly used on locations where space is scarce, such as cities or where building levees or dikes (dykes) would interfere with other interests, such as existing buildings, historical architecture or commercial use of embankments. [clarification needed] Floodwalls are nowadays mainly constructed from pre-fabricated concrete elements.
Types of breakwaters include vertical wall breakwater, mound breakwater and mound with superstructure or composite breakwater. A breakwater structure is designed to absorb the energy of the waves that hit it, either by using mass (e.g. with caissons), or by using a revetment slope (e.g. with rock or concrete armour units).
Asphalt and sandbag revetment with a geotextile filter. A revetment in stream restoration, river engineering or coastal engineering is a facing of impact-resistant material (such as stone, concrete, sandbags, or wooden piles) applied to a bank or wall in order to absorb the energy of incoming water and protect it from erosion.
Floating raft is a land-based building foundation that protects it against settlement and liquefaction of soft soil from seismic activity. It was a necessary innovation in the development of tall buildings in the wet soil of Chicago in the 19th century, when it was developed by John Wellborn Root who came up with the idea of interlacing the concrete slab with steel beams.
Flood barriers may be placed temporarily or permanently around individual buildings or at building entrances to keep floodwaters from entering those buildings. A wall constructed of sandbags is an example of a temporary barrier. A reinforced concrete wall is an example of a permanent barrier. [6]
Tetrapods on Graciosa Island, Azores Tetrapods in Latvia Tetrapods protecting a marina on Crete, Greece.. A tetrapod is a form of wave-dissipating concrete block used to prevent erosion caused by weather and longshore drift, primarily to enforce coastal structures such as seawalls and breakwaters.