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Humans use biological motion to identify and understand familiar actions, which is involved in the neural processes for empathy, communication, and understanding other's intentions. The neural network for biological motion is highly sensitive to the observer's prior experience with the action's biological motions, allowing for embodied learning.
Motility also includes physiological processes like gastrointestinal movements and peristalsis. Understanding motility is important in biology, medicine, and ecology, as it impacts processes ranging from bacterial behavior to ecosystem dynamics.
Run-and-tumble motion is a movement pattern exhibited by certain bacteria and other microscopic agents. It consists of an alternating sequence of "runs" and "tumbles": during a run, the agent propels itself in a fixed (or slowly varying) direction, and during a tumble, it remains stationary while it reorients itself in preparation for the next run.
Bacterial gliding is a process of motility whereby a bacterium can move under its own power. Generally, the process occurs whereby the bacterium moves along a surface in the general direction of its long axis. [5] Gliding may occur via distinctly different mechanisms, depending on the type of bacterium.
Stride range of motion: the leg's integrated path between stance onset and swing offset. Joint angles: Walking can also be quantified through the analysis of joint angles. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] During legged locomotion, an animal flexes and extends its joints in an oscillatory manner, creating a joint angle pattern that repeats across steps.
In the case of flagella, the motion is often planar and wave-like, whereas the motile cilia often perform a more complicated three-dimensional motion with a power and recovery stroke. Eukaryotic flagella—those of animal, plant, and protist cells—are complex cellular projections that lash back and forth.
The motion of a particle located at position can be described by the Smoluchowski's limit of the Langevin equation: [11] [12] = + (), where is the diffusion coefficient of the particle, is the friction coefficient per unit of mass, () the force per unit of mass, and is a Brownian motion.
In general terms, a motor is a device that consumes energy in one form and converts it into motion or mechanical work; for example, many protein-based molecular motors harness the chemical free energy released by the hydrolysis of ATP in order to perform mechanical work. [1]