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Midwifery and obstetrics are different but overlap in medical practice that focuses on pregnancy and labor. Midwifery emphasizes the normality of pregnancy along with the reproductive process. Classical Antiquity saw the beginning of attempts to classify various areas of medical research, and the terms gynecology and obstetrics came into use.
Midwifery in the Middle Ages impacted women's work and health prior to the professionalization of medicine. During the Middle Ages in Western Europe, people relied on the medical knowledge of Roman and Greek philosophers, specifically Galen , Hippocrates , and Aristotle . [ 1 ]
In ancient Egypt, midwifery was a recognized female occupation, as attested by the Ebers Papyrus which dates from 1900 to 1550 BCE. Five columns of this papyrus deal with obstetrics and gynecology , especially concerning the acceleration of parturition (the action or process of giving birth to offspring) and the birth prognosis of the newborn.
Directed by Israel Finkelstein,Matthew J. Adams, and Mario A.S. Martin since 1994, the goals of the renewed excavations are to re-examine Tel Megiddo's stratigraphy and chronology as well as the development of new research methods such as Ancient DNA, geoarchaeology, scientific dating etc. [55] [56]
Agnodice (Greek: Ἀγνοδίκη, pronounced [aŋnodíkɛː]; c. 4th century BCE) is a legendary figure said to be the first female midwife or physician in ancient Athens. Her story, originally told in the Fabulae (attributed to the Roman author Gaius Julius Hyginus ), has been used to illustrate issues surrounding women in medicine and ...
15 The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, saying, 16 “When you deliver the Hebrew women, look at the birthstool: if it is a boy, kill him; if it is a girl, let her live.” 17 The midwives, fearing God, did not do as the king of Egypt had told them; they let the boys live. 18 So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to ...
In all three volumes, Bourgeois relies more on her own experience than on ancient texts—a relatively radical choice at a time when French medicine still often relied on the practices of ancient Greece and Rome as well as of medieval Europe. Her first volume includes innovative obstetrical protocols that, if followed correctly, could save lives.
The use of medicine to treat postpartum depression is a subject for debate, since some research indicates that the use of antidepressants during pregnancy can lead to physical malformations and long-term health problems of the baby [10] Other forms of treatment include support groups and psychotherapy.