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Major groups of parasites include protozoans (organisms having only one cell) and parasitic worms (helminths). Of these, protozoans, including cryptosporidium, microsporidia, and isospora, are most common in HIV-infected persons. Each of these parasites can infect the digestive tract, and sometimes two or more can cause infection at the same time.
Some worms found in cats can also be transmitted to humans and are therefore zoonotic pathogens. Of greater importance here are the feline toxocara mystax and the fox tapeworm. Especially such worm infections should be controlled by regular deworming of cats living in close contact with humans. The feline roundworm, a parasite that also passes ...
Flies that feed on feces can spread Toxocara eggs to surfaces or foods. [9] Young children who put contaminated objects in their mouths or eat dirt are at risk of developing symptoms. [7] [10] [9] Humans can also contaminate foods by not washing their hands before eating. [5] Humans are not the only accidental hosts of Toxocara. [18]
A feline zoonosis is a viral, bacterial, fungal, protozoan, nematode or arthropod infection that can be transmitted to humans from the domesticated cat, Felis catus.Some of these diseases are reemerging and newly emerging infections or infestations caused by zoonotic pathogens transmitted by cats.
There may be as many as 300,000 species of parasites affecting vertebrates, [9] and as many as 300 affecting humans alone. [10] Helminths of importance in the sanitation field are the human parasites, and are classified as Nemathelminthes (nematodes) and Platyhelminthes, depending on whether they possess a round or flattened body, respectively. [8]
Main article: Human parasite Endoparasites Protozoan organisms Common name of organism or disease Latin name (sorted) Body parts affected Diagnostic specimen Prevalence Source/Transmission (Reservoir/Vector) Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and Acanthamoeba keratitis (eye infection) Acanthamoeba spp. eye, brain, skin culture worldwide contact lenses cleaned with contaminated tap water ...
The entire process from skin penetration to adult development takes about 5–9 weeks. The female adult worms release eggs (N. americanus about 9,000–10,000 eggs/day and A. duodenale 25,000–30,000 eggs/day), which are passed in the feces of the human host. These eggs hatch in the environment within several days and the cycle starts anew.
Ingestion of unwashed fruit or vegetables that have been in contact with contaminated soil containing infected cat feces. [47] Ingestion of cat feces containing oocysts: This can occur through hand-to-mouth contact following gardening, cleaning a cat's litter box, contact with children's sandpits; the parasite can survive in the environment for ...