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A labor court (or labour court or industrial tribunal) is a governmental judiciary body which rules on labor or employment-related matters and disputes. In a number of countries, labor cases are often taken to separate national labor high courts.
Labor jurisdiction was not completely separated from ordinary jurisdiction until after World War II. [1] The Basic Law, which came into force in 1949, provided in Article 96 (1), which corresponds in principle to today's Article 95 (1), for labor jurisdiction as an independent branch of the legal system with its own supreme court.
Belgian judicial hierarchy (2018). Court building where the court of labour of Brussels is seated (located opposite the city's Palace of Justice).. The court of labour (Dutch: arbeidshof, French: cour du travail, German: Arbeitsgerichtshof) is the appellate court in the judicial system of Belgium which hears appeals against judgements of the labour tribunals and the presidents of those ...
Office Open XML (OOXML) format was introduced with Microsoft Office 2007 and became the default format of Microsoft Excel ever since. Excel-related file extensions of this format include:.xlsx – Excel workbook.xlsm – Excel macro-enabled workbook; same as xlsx but may contain macros and scripts.xltx – Excel template.xltm – Excel macro ...
Labor Relations Reference Manual (LRRM) is an American case reporter devoted exclusively to labor law published by the Bureau of National Affairs (BNA). It is published 3 times a year and includes decisions of federal and some state courts, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), state agencies, and other material of reference value.
The Labour Court (Dutch: Arbeidsrechtbank, French: Tribunal du travail, German: Arbeitsgericht) in Belgium is a court which deals in first instance with disputes between employers and employees and disputes regarding social security. There is a Labour Court in each Judicial Arrondissement of Belgium. It is not a division of the Court of First ...
The Labour Appeal Court is a South African court that hears appeals from the Labour Court. The court was established by the Labour Relations Act, 1995, and has a status similar to that of the Supreme Court of Appeal. It has its seat in Johannesburg but also hears cases in Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
Labour courts were created at the beginning of the 19th century. [3] An employment tribunal is divided into five specialised divisions, for management, manufacturing, distributive trades and commercial services, agriculture, and miscellaneous activities. If the four members hearing a case are tied, the tribunal will be chaired by a judge of the ...