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English: Breeding scheme for making knock-out mice. Based on Lodish et al. Molecular Cell Biology 5th Edition. Based on Lodish et al. Molecular Cell Biology 5th Edition. Fig. 9-39.
A knockout mouse (left) that is a model for obesity, compared with a normal mouse. There are several thousand different strains of knockout mice. [3] Many mouse models are named after the gene that has been inactivated.
The gene can be later knocked out (inactivated) at a specific time-point or tissue-type in mutant mice derived from the mutant ES Cells, by appropriate breeding to other transgenic mice. This conditionality is a key property of the entire resource, and it allows a more nuanced study of the effects of the gene-knockout.
As the figure shows, each time that the mouse with the desired trait (in this case the lack of a gene (i.e. a knockout), indicated by the presence of a positive selectable marker) is crossed with a mouse of a constant genetic background, the average percentage of the genetic material of the offspring that is derived from that constant ...
A comparison of a mouse unable to produce leptin thus resulting in obesity (left) and a normal mouse (right) The ob/ob or obese mouse is a mutant mouse that eats excessively due to mutations in the gene responsible for the production of leptin and becomes profoundly obese. It is an animal model of type II diabetes.
Mice with genes knocked out (knockout mouse) were created in 1989. The first transgenic livestock were produced in 1985 [ 28 ] and the first animal to synthesise transgenic proteins in their milk were mice, [ 29 ] engineered to produce human tissue plasminogen activator in 1987.
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It is the most widely used "genetic background" for genetically modified mice for use as models of human disease. They are the most widely used and best-selling mouse strain due to the availability of congenic strains, easy breeding, and robustness. [1] The median lifespan of C57BL/6 mice is 27–29 months and the maximum lifespan is about 36 ...