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Ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) is the use of prescribed doses of ketamine as an adjunct to psychotherapy sessions. KAP shows significant potential in treating mental disorders such as treatment-resistant depression (TRD), anxiety, obsessive–compulsive disorders (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD), and other conditions. [1]
Ketamine has sedative, analgesic, and amnestic properties, but most of its uses today are focused on analgesia. Some of the benefits of ketamine is that it does not compromise the patient's airway protective reflexes, keeps the upper airway muscle tone, and allows for spontaneous breathing. A common side effect of ketamine is emergence reactions.
The most common standard conscious sedation technique for adults is intravenous sedation using Midazolam. This requires a needle to be put into a vein to deliver the medication; this is known as an IV cannula. [citation needed] Indications: [citation needed] Reduced dental anxiety and phobia; Traumatic or prolonged dental procedures
Along with the factors determined, different types of anesthesia medications are used depending on the medical procedure being done. While the patient is under conscious sedation by anesthesia, depending on the type and dose administered, they are in a state that is called by some, a "twilight" state. [citation needed]
Ketamine is also used to manage pain among large animals. It is the primary intravenous anesthetic agent used in equine surgery, often in conjunction with detomidine and thiopental, or sometimes guaifenesin. [175] Ketamine appears not to produce sedation or anesthesia in snails. Instead, it appears to have an excitatory effect. [176]
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Ketamine is suitable for hypotensive patients, or patients with risks of developing hypotension (e.g. those who have hypovolemia, hemorrhage, sepsis or severe cardiovascular compromise). [ 40 ] [ 41 ] This is because ketamine is associated with increased blood pressure, heart rate and cardiac output. [ 42 ]
A chemical restraint is a form of medical restraint in which a drug is used to restrict the freedom or movement of a patient or in some cases to sedate the patient. Chemical restraint is used in emergency, acute, and psychiatric settings to perform surgery or to reduce agitation, aggression or violent behaviours; [a] it may also be used to control or punish unruly behaviours. [2]