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The complexity class PCP c(n), s(n) [r(n), q(n)] is the class of all decision problems having probabilistically checkable proof systems over binary alphabet of completeness c(n) and soundness s(n), where the verifier is nonadaptive, runs in polynomial time, and it has randomness complexity r(n) and query complexity q(n).
The PCP theorem states that NP = PCP[O(log n), O(1)],. where PCP[r(n), q(n)] is the class of problems for which a probabilistically checkable proof of a solution can be given, such that the proof can be checked in polynomial time using r(n) bits of randomness and by reading q(n) bits of the proof, correct proofs are always accepted, and incorrect proofs are rejected with probability at least 1/2.
PAT (Process Analysis Toolkit) is a self-contained framework [1] for composing, simulating and reasoning of concurrent, real-time systems and other possible domains. It includes user interfaces, model editor and animated simulator.
A PCP may include the element of maintenance during the duration of the contract though this is in the minority of cases. In the UK, the majority of PCP deals include the payment of the first year's Vehicle Excise Duty , [ 3 ] but subsequent renewals will be at the customer's expense.
The conjecture that these generators exist implies that randomness does not give additional computational power to polynomial time computation, that is, P = RP = BPP. More strongly, the assumption that P = BPP is in some sense equivalent to the existence of strong pseudorandom number generators.
We can calculate the upper and lower confidence limits of the intervals from the observed data. Suppose a dataset x 1, . . . , x n is given, modeled as realization of random variables X 1, . . . , X n. Let θ be the parameter of interest, and γ a number between 0 and 1. If there exist sample statistics L n = g(X 1, . . . , X n) and U n = h(X 1
In a real time simulation, the time required to solve the internal state equations and functions representing the system must be less than the fixed step. If calculation time exceeds the time of the fixed step, an over run is said to have occurred and the simulation now lags behind the actual time. In simple words, real-time simulation must ...
Mortgage calculators are used by consumers to determine monthly repayments, and by mortgage providers to determine the financial suitability of a home loan applicant. [2] Mortgage calculators are frequently on for-profit websites, though the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has launched its own public mortgage calculator.