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The physical-layer specifications of the Ethernet family of computer network standards are published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), which defines the electrical or optical properties and the transfer speed of the physical connection between a device and the network or between network devices.
IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of standards defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet.The standards are produced by the working group of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
Where channels use line codes (such as Ethernet, Serial ATA, and PCI Express), quoted rates are for the decoded signal. The figures below are simplex data rates, which may conflict with the duplex rates vendors sometimes use in promotional materials.
Most Ethernet cables are wired straight-through (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, and so on). In some instances, the crossover form (receive to transmit and transmit to receive) may still be required. A cable for Ethernet may be wired to either the T568A or T568B termination standard at both ends of the cable. Since these standards differ only ...
The letter following the dash (T or F) refers to the physical medium that carries the signal (twisted pair or fiber, respectively), while the last character (X, 4, etc.) refers to the line code method used. Fast Ethernet is sometimes referred to as 100BASE-X, where X is a placeholder for the FX and TX variants. [4]
Supermicro AOC-SGP-I2 dual-port Gigabit Ethernet NIC, a PCI Express ×4 card. 1000BASE-T (also known as IEEE 802.3ab) is a standard for Gigabit Ethernet over twisted-pair wiring. Each 1000BASE-T network segment is recommended to be a maximum length of 100 meters (330 feet), [5] [a] and must use Category 5 cable or better (including Cat 5e and ...
OSI was an industry effort, attempting to get industry participants to agree on common network standards to provide multi-vendor interoperability. [17] It was common for large networks to support multiple network protocol suites, with many devices unable to interoperate with other devices because of a lack of common protocols.
The physical coding sublayer (PCS) is a networking protocol sublayer in the Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 Gigabit Ethernet standards. It resides at the top of the physical layer (PHY), and provides an interface between the physical medium attachment (PMA) sublayer and the media-independent interface (MII).
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