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Fish stocks indicators, which is normalized as a 0–100 proximity-to-target score, with 100 representing "at target" and 0 being furthest from the target. Stock assessments provide fisheries managers with the information that is used in the regulation of a fish stock. Biological and fisheries data are collected in a stock assessment.
Fish can learn how to perform a behavior simply by watching other individuals in action. [57] This is variously called observational learning, cultural transmission, or social learning. For example, fish can learn a particular route after following an experienced leader a few times.
Aristotle (ca. 340 B.C.) may have been the first scientist to speculate on the use of hard parts of fishes to determine age, stating in Historica Animalium that “the age of a scaly fish may be told by the size and hardness of its scales.” [4] However, it was not until the development of the microscope that more detailed studies were performed on the structure of scales. [5]
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No. 477. Rome, FAO. 2007. 108p ; Quinn, Terrance J. II and Richard B. Deriso (1999) Quantitative Fish Dynamics.Oxford University Press ISBN 0-19-507631-1; Sparre, Per and Hart, Paul J B (2002) Handbook of Fish Biology and Fisheries, Chapter13: Choosing the best model for fisheries assessment. Blackwell Publishing.
For example, several studies have shown that performance is better on, for example, a color discrimination (e.g. blue vs green) after the animal has learned another color discrimination (e.g. red vs orange) than it is after training on a different dimension such as an X shape versus an O shape. The reverse effect happens after training on forms.
Fish are ranked on a numeric scale from 0 to 10. 10 is the highest score for newly-caught fish, 7 is in the neutral range, 6 is at the 'borderline', and fish scoring of 3 or lower is considered spoiled. [1] Customers will generally reject fish when its Torry score is 6 or lower, which indicates that the fish has been on ice for 11 days or more. [1]
In sum, a fish has an advantage if it is in the larger of two groups, assuming that the probability of detection and attack does not increase disproportionately with the size of the group. [44] Schooling forage fish are subject to constant attacks by predators. An example is the attacks that take place during the African sardine run.
Barcoding can also trace fish species as there can be human health hazards related to consumption of fish. Further, biotoxins can occasionally be concentrated when toxins move up the food chain. One example relates to coral reef species where predatory fish such as barracuda have been detected to cause Ciguatera fish poisoning. Such new ...