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With an area of 7,700 km 2, [3] Vatnajökull is the second largest ice cap in Europe by volume (about 3,000 km 3) [1] and area (after the still larger Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya, Russia, which is in the extreme northeast of Europe). [1] On 7 June 2008, it became a part of the Vatnajökull National Park. [4]
Ice caps accumulate snow on their upper surfaces, and ablate snow on their lower surfaces. [6] An ice cap in equilibrium accumulates and ablates snow at the same rate. The AAR is the ratio between the accumulation area and the total area of the ice cap, which is used to indicate the health of the glacier. [6]
Austfonna is an ice cap located on Nordaustlandet in the Svalbard archipelago in Norway. Covering an area of 7,800 km 2, [1] it is Europe's third-largest glacier by area and volume, after the Severny Island ice cap of Novaya Zemlya, Russia, and Vatnajökull in Iceland. [2] The combined area of Austfonna and the Vegafonna ice cap is 8,492 km 2. [3]
The Flade Isblink has two ice domes, the North Dome and the larger South Dome. [3] Kilen is a roughly triangular stretch of unglaciated flat land in the eastern shore with its apex in the ice cap between the two domes. [4] [5] The northern section of the ice cap is drained by two outlet glaciers flowing in a
An ice cap climate is a polar climate where no mean monthly temperature exceeds 0 °C (32 °F). The climate generally covers areas at high altitudes and polar regions (60–90° north and south latitude), such as Antarctica and some of the northernmost islands of Canada and Russia .
Langjökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlauŋkˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ, Icelandic for "long glacier") is the second largest ice cap in Iceland (870 km 2 (340 sq mi)), [1] after Vatnajökull. It is situated in the west of the Icelandic interior or Highlands of Iceland and can be seen clearly from Haukadalur .
The Quelccaya ice cap [a] extends up to 17 kilometres (11 mi) from the north to south and between 3 and 5 kilometres (1.9 and 3.1 mi) from east to west. [28] Quelccaya is a low-elevation ice cap that rises above the surrounding terrain; [13] [34] the ice cap lies at 5,200–5,700 metres (17,100–18,700 ft) elevation. [35]
The Schmidt Ice Cap is an Arctic ice cap very near the limit of permanent sea ice, so as to be indistinguishable from the sea in winter, spring, and late fall. It covers almost all (~75-85%) of Schmidt Island , a Russian Arctic island above the 80th parallel north .