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Lighting systems should be designed with respect to the requirements of the activity to be performed. For instance, lighting over a desk should be different than light required in cafeterias or hallways. [7] Current sustainable design guidelines for schools usually focus only on energy-conserving luminaires with consideration only for visual needs.
A third approach uses indoor light measurements showing that between 108 and 5,400 lux have been achieved in the space. The last approach is a combination of the other three calculation methods to prove that the daylight illumination requirements are achieved. [46] The LEED 2009 documentation is based upon the daylight factor calculation. The ...
However, in the lighting industry it is often associated with the lighting power allowance (LPA) permitted by the building energy code in question. The Oregon Department of Energy defines lighting power density as "The maximum allowable lighting density permitted by the code. It is expressed in watts per square foot for a given occupancy/space ...
The history of electric light is well documented, [11] and with the developments in lighting technology the profession of lighting developed alongside it. The development of high-efficiency, low-cost fluorescent lamps led to a reliance on electric light and a uniform blanket approach to lighting, but the energy crisis of the 1970s required more design consideration and reinvigorated the use of ...
Energy savings for electric lighting in the range of 20-60% are common. [14] Savings are very dependent on the type of space the light harvesting control system is deployed in, and its usage. [4] Clearly, savings can only accrue in spaces with substantial daylight where electric lighting would have been otherwise used.
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United States Lighting Energy Policy is moving towards increased efficiency in order to lower greenhouse gas emissions and energy use. Lighting efficiency improvements in the United States can be seen through different standards and acts. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 laid out changes in lighting legislation for the United ...
Mandevilla / ˌ m æ n d ɪ ˈ v ɪ l ə / [3] is a genus of tropical and subtropical flowering vines belonging to the family Apocynaceae. It was first described as a genus in 1840. [ 4 ] A common name is rocktrumpet .