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The Illinois, like many Native American groups, sustained themselves through agriculture, hunting, and fishing. [12] A partially nomadic group, the Illinois often lived in longhouses and wigwams , according to the season and resources that were available to them in the surrounding land.
The 1833 Treaty of Chicago was an agreement between the United States government and the Chippewa, Odawa, and Potawatomi tribes. It required them to cede to the United States government their 5,000,000 acres (2,000,000 ha) of land (including reservations) in Illinois, the Wisconsin Territory, and the Michigan Territory and to move west of the Mississippi River.
In 1795, in a then minor part of the Treaty of Greenville, a Native American confederation granted treaty rights to the United States in a six-mile parcel of land at the mouth of the Chicago River. [ nb 1 ] [ 2 ] This was followed by the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis , which ceded additional land in the Chicago area, including the Chicago Portage .
The final treaty with Native Americans which was known as The End of Treating Making 1871 [26] marked the end of government recognition of Indian tribes and introduced the creation of Indian reservations that continue to the modern day. This absolute disenfranchisement of Native Americans marked the end of any official trading with the United ...
A series of efforts were made by the United States to assimilate Native Americans into mainstream European–American culture between the years of 1790 and 1920. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] George Washington and Henry Knox were first to propose, in the American context, the cultural assimilation of Native Americans . [ 3 ]
Now, Native Americans whose ancestors' remains ended up held for study in sterile, nondescript boxes on shelves in educational facilities or displayed in cultural locales hope a new Illinois law ...
A landmark federal law passed in 1990 called the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, or NAGPRA, requires government agencies, universities and museums to identify pilfered ...
Homestead laws depleted Native American resources as much of the land they relied on was taken by the federal government and sold to settlers. [7] Native ancestral lands had been limited through history, mainly through land allotments and reservations, causing a gradual decrease in this indigenous land. Many of these land-grabs occurred during ...