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Effusive basalt lava flows cool to either of two forms, ʻaʻā or pāhoehoe. [8] This type of lava flow builds shield volcanoes, which are, for example, numerous in Hawaii, [9] and is how the island was and currently is being formed.
The naming of the mountain is a bit of lore from the Old West. S P Crater can be climbed, and the lava flow can be viewed from the crater rim. C. J. Babbit, an 1880s rancher and early landowner of the mountain, expressed his opinion that the mountain resembled a spilled chamber pot (or Shit Pot, "SP"), [7] and locally this became the accepted name. [5]
Low viscosity lava can generate massive lava fountains, while lava of thicker viscosity can solidify within the vent, creating a volcanic plug. Volcanic plugs can trap volcanic gas and create pressure in the magma chamber, resulting in violent eruptions. [36] Lava is typically between 700 and 1,200 °C (1,300–2,200 °F). [37]
Because dacite is the main type of lava erupted from Mount Garibaldi, lava flows are a low to moderate hazard. [3] Dacite is felsic [ d ] in composition, containing 62–69% silica content. [ 71 ] [ 72 ] This high percentage in silica content increases the viscosity of dacitic melts relative to that of andesite or basalt , generally resulting ...
The resulting deposits formed a fan-like pattern of overlapping sheets, tongues, and lobes. At least 17 separate pyroclastic flows occurred during the May 18 eruption, and their aggregate volume was about 0.05 cu mi (0.21 km 3). [9] The flow deposits were still at about 570 to 790 °F (300 to 420 °C) two weeks after they erupted. [9]
The word lava comes from Italian and is probably derived from the Latin word labes, which means a fall or slide. [2] [3] An early use of the word in connection with extrusion of magma from below the surface is found in a short account of the 1737 eruption of Vesuvius, written by Francesco Serao, who described "a flow of fiery lava" as an analogy to the flow of water and mud down the flanks of ...
A lava flow in 1978 traveled through a narrow breach in the north caldera rim to within 2 km of the coast. A small lake occupies part of the caldera floor. Two volcanic centers are located on the NW flank: Lava Peak is of Pleistocene age; and, a cinder cone lower on the flank which produced a lava flow in 1852 that extended the shoreline of the ...
Rootless cones are formed by steam explosions as flowing hot lava crosses over a wet surface, such as a swamp, a lake, or a pond. The explosive gases break through the lava surface in a manner similar to a phreatic eruption , and the tephra builds up crater-like forms which can appear very similar to real volcanic craters.