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Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning, tingling or scalding sensation in the mouth, lasting for at least four to six months, with no underlying known dental or medical cause. [3] [7] No related signs of disease are found in the mouth. [3]
Diagramatic representation of mucosal erosion (left), excoriation (center), and ulceration (right) Simplistic representation of the life cycle of mouth ulcers. An ulcer (/ ˈ ʌ l s ər /; from Latin ulcus, "ulcer, sore") [2] is a break in the skin or mucous membrane with loss of surface tissue and the disintegration and necrosis of epithelial tissue. [3]
Other viruses that have been shown to cause sialadenitis in both these glands include HIV, coxsackie, and parainfluenza. [6] Classically, HIV parotitis is either asymptomatic or a non-painful swelling, which is not characteristic of sialadenitis. [6] Some common bacterial causes are S. aureus, S. pyogenes, viridans streptococci and H ...
The successful treatment of xerostomia is difficult to achieve and often unsatisfactory. [9] This involves finding any correctable cause and removing it if possible, but in many cases it is not possible to correct the xerostomia itself, and treatment is symptomatic, and also focuses on preventing tooth decay through improving oral hygiene.
Salivary gland dysfunction affects the flow, amount, or quality of saliva produced. A reduced salivation is termed hyposalivation.Hyposalivation often results in a dry mouth condition called xerostomia, and this can cause tooth decay due to the loss of the protective properties of saliva.
The main symptoms are swelling and pain of both eyes, fever, changes in vision, and headaches. On exam, redness and decreased range of motion of the eyes are present in about 90% of cases. Treatment includes antibiotics and antithrombotics to treat the infection and blood clot. [6]
Xerostomia itself has many possible causes, but commonly the cause may be side effects of medications, or conditions such as Sjögren's syndrome. Conversely, conditions which cause drooling or sialorrhoea (excessive salivation) can cause angular cheilitis by creating a constant wet environment in the corners of the mouth.
Conditions that can cause saliva overproduction include: [4] Rabies; Pellagra (niacin or vitamin B 3 deficiency) [6] Gastroesophageal reflux disease, in such cases specifically called a water brash (a loosely defined lay term), and is characterized by a sour fluid or almost tasteless saliva in the mouth [7]