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The record is 44.72 km/h (27.78 mph), measured between meter 60 and meter 80 of the 100 meters sprint at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics by speed. [4] [5] (Bolt's average speed over the course of this race was 37.578 km/h or 23.35 mph.) [6] Compared to quadrupedal animals, humans are exceptionally capable of endurance, but incapable of great speed. [7]
Humans spontaneously switch from a walk to a run as speed increases. In humans, the preferred transition speed from walking to running typically occurs around 2.0 m/s (7.2 km/h; 4.5 mph), although slight differences have been shown based on testing methodology. [1] [2] [3] [4]
During running, the speed at which the runner moves may be calculated by multiplying the cadence (steps per minute) by the stride length. Running is often measured in terms of pace, [54] expressed in units of minutes per mile or minutes per kilometer (the inverse of speed, in mph or km/h). Some coaches advocate training at a combination of ...
In running events up to 200 m in distance and in horizontal jump events, wind assistance is permitted only up to 2.0 m/s. In decathlon or heptathlon , average wind assistance of less than 2.0 m/s is required across all applicable disciplines; and maximum of 4.0 m/s in any one event.
The world record for men is 12:35.36 (an average of 23.83 km/h) by Joshua Cheptegei of Uganda in Monaco set on 14 August 2020; The world record for women is 14:00.21 (an average of 21.43 km/h) by Gudaf Tsegay of Ethiopia in Oregon, United States set on 17 September 2023; The 10,000 metres is the longest standard track event.
Speed limit sign in the Republic of Ireland, using "km/h.". The SI representations, classified as symbols, are "km/h", "km h −1" and "km·h −1".Several other abbreviations of "kilometres per hour" have been used since the term was introduced and many are still in use today; for example, dictionaries list "kph", [3] [4] [5] "kmph" and "km/hr" [6] as English abbreviations.
Human physiology dictates that a runner's near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than 30–35 seconds due to the depletion of phosphocreatine stores in muscles, and perhaps secondarily to excessive metabolic acidosis as a result of anaerobic glycolysis. [1] In athletics and track and field, sprints (or dashes) are races over short distances.
A multitude of factors have been shown to exert an influence on the cost of human running. [7] As a result, the apparent variability in the cost of human running may be a result of a variety of factors (see Running Economy/Introduction section). Some have suggested that sex may have an influence on the cost of running.