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The shape of a micelle is directly dependent on the packing parameter of the surfactant. Surfactants with a packing parameter of N S {\displaystyle N_{\text{S}}} ≤ 1/3 appear to have a cone-like shape which will pack together to form spherical micelles when in an aqueous environment (top in figure).
The formation of micelles can be understood using thermodynamics: Micelles can form spontaneously because of a balance between entropy and enthalpy. In water, the hydrophobic effect is the driving force for micelle formation, despite the fact that assembling surfactant molecules is unfavorable in terms of both enthalpy and entropy of the system ...
Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate ...
In colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles. [1] The CMC is an important characteristic of a surfactant.
In colloidal chemistry, the Krafft temperature (or Krafft point, after German chemist Friedrich Krafft) is defined as the minimum temperature at which the formation of micelles occurs in a solution of dissolved surfactant. It has been found that solubility at the Krafft point is nearly equal to critical micelle concentration (CMC). Below the ...
In 1976, the fundamental theory for understanding the mechanism of micelle formation was developed by Tanford's free energy model. [18] Apart from integrating all relevant physicochemical elements and explaining the growth of micells, he provided a comprehensive reasoning of why micelles are finite in terms of opposing interactional forces. [19 ...
One research group, Rukhadze, et al. [14] derived a first order linear relationship describing the influence of micelle and organic concentration, and pH on the selectivity and resolution of seven barbiturates. The researchers discovered that a second order mathematical equation would more precisely fit the data.
In the non-polar medium reverse micelle formation occurs. Because the hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon type intermolecular interactions are the weakest, the reverse micelle is much more unstable than the normal micelle. The main gelled fuel precursors are commonly derived from weak acids and strong or weak bases. Calcium acetate; Soap; Poly(methyl ...