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Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani is a gram-negative, obligate aerobic bacterium that like many other Xanthomonas spp. bacteria has been found associated with plants. This organism is closely related with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but causes a non-vascular leaf spot disease that is clearly distinct from black rot of brassicas.
Xanthomonas campestris is commonly used industrially to produce a water-soluble exo-polysaccharide, known as xanthan gum, from fermentation of carbon sources like glucose. [5] In this process, a preserved culture of the gram-negative bacterium is expanded through growth and then used as an inoculum in bioreactors with liquid growth media .
Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola: Bacterial soft rot Erwinia Erwinia carotovora: Bacterial soft rot Pseudomonas Pseudomonas marginalis pv. marginalis: Black rot Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris: Crown gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens: Xanthomonas leaf spot Xanthomonas campestris pv. raphani
Black rot, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), is considered the most important and most destructive disease of crucifers, infecting all cultivated varieties of brassicas worldwide. [1] [2] This disease was first described by botanist and entomologist Harrison Garman in Lexington, Kentucky, US in 1889. [3]
Dowson [3] later reclassified the bacterium as Xanthomonas campestris and proposed the genus Xanthomonas. [4] Xanthomonas was first described as a monotypic genus and further research resulted in the division into two groups, A and B. [5] [6] Later work using DNA:DNA hybridization has served as a framework for the general Xanthomonas species ...
Xanthomonas are Gram-negative bacteria that can infect a wide variety of plant species including pepper/capsicum, rice, citrus, cotton, tomato, and soybeans. [7] Some types of Xanthomonas cause localized leaf spot or leaf streak while others spread systemically and cause black rot or leaf blight disease.
The role of xanthoferrin in virulence varies among different Xanthomonas spp. Xanthoferrin mediated iron uptake contributes to the optimum virulence of Xanthomonas oryzicola and Xanthomonas campestris on their respective hosts but does not play any role in the virulence of Xanthomonas oryzae. [4] [9] [10]
In molecular biology, Xanthomonas sRNA are small RNAs which have been identified in various species of the bacterium Xanthomonas. Analysis of the plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria revealed expression of seven cis-encoded antisense RNAs (asX1-asX7) and 15 intergenic sRNAs (sX1 - sX15).