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In welding, undercutting is when the weld reduces the cross-sectional thickness of the base metal. This type of defect reduces the strength of the weld and workpieces. One reason for this defect is excessive current, causing the edges of the joint to melt and drain into the weld; this leaves a drain-like impression along the length of the weld.
The poor overlap does not allow the slag from the previous weld to melt out and rise to the top of the new weld bead. It can also occur if the previous weld left an undercut or an uneven surface profile. To prevent slag inclusions, the slag should be cleaned from the weld bead between passes via grinding, wire brushing, or chipping. [21]
The symbolic representation of a V weld of chamfered plates in a technical drawing. The symbols and conventions used in welding documentation are specified in national and international standards such as ISO 2553 Welded, brazed and soldered joints -- Symbolic representation on drawings and ISO 4063 Welding and allied processes -- Nomenclature of processes and reference numbers.
Thus they are instead given as basic dimensions. In modern practice basic dimensions have a rectangular box around them, or sometimes the word "BASIC". BC or B.C. bolt circle: BCD or B.C.D. bolt circle diameter: BHC bolt hole circle Same definition as the bolt circle diameter BHCS: button head cap screw: Like an SHCS but with a button head. BHN
Aerospace, Construction (piping), Tool and Die Plasma Arc Welding: 15: PAW Nonconsumable electrode, constricted arc Tubing, instrumentation Shielded Metal Arc Welding [5] 111: SMAW Consumable electrode covered in flux, can weld any metal as long as they have the right electrode Construction, outdoors, maintenance Submerged Arc Welding: 121: SAW
Weld mapping is the process of assigning information to a weld repair or joint to enable easy identification of weld processes, production (welders, their qualifications, date welded), quality (visual inspection, NDT, standards and specifications) and traceability (tracking weld joints and welded castings, the origin of weld materials).
Welding. Basic welded joint details in steel. Pressurized components. EN 1708-2: Welding. Basic weld joint details in steel. Non-internal pressurized components. EN 1708-3: Welding. Basic weld joint details in steel. Clad, buttered and lined pressurized components. EN 1993-1-8: Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-8: General ...
Also Abrams' water-cement ratio law. A law which states that the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. As the water content increases, the strength of the concrete decreases. abrasion The process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away a substance or substrate. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using ...