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Gaussian functions are the Green's function for the (homogeneous and isotropic) diffusion equation (and to the heat equation, which is the same thing), a partial differential equation that describes the time evolution of a mass-density under diffusion.
RMS, RMS or rms) of a set of numbers is the square root of the set's mean square. [1] Given a set , its RMS is denoted as either or . The RMS is also known as the quadratic mean (denoted ), [2] [3] a special case of the generalized mean.
All these extensions are also called normal or Gaussian laws, so a certain ambiguity in names exists. The multivariate normal distribution describes the Gaussian law in the k-dimensional Euclidean space. A vector X ∈ R k is multivariate-normally distributed if any linear combination of its components Σ k j=1 a j X j has a (univariate) normal ...
In bioinformatics, the root mean square deviation of atomic positions is the measure of the average distance between the atoms of superimposed proteins. In structure based drug design , the RMSD is a measure of the difference between a crystal conformation of the ligand conformation and a docking prediction.
The distribution is a special case of the folded normal distribution with μ = 0.; It also coincides with a zero-mean normal distribution truncated from below at zero (see truncated normal distribution)
Half width at half maximum (HWHM) is half of the FWHM if the function is symmetric. The term full duration at half maximum (FDHM) is preferred when the independent variable is time . FWHM is applied to such phenomena as the duration of pulse waveforms and the spectral width of sources used for optical communications and the resolution of ...
The Gaussian function has a 1/e 2 diameter (2w as used in the text) about 1.7 times the FWHM.. At a position z along the beam (measured from the focus), the spot size parameter w is given by a hyperbolic relation: [1] = + (), where [1] = is called the Rayleigh range as further discussed below, and is the refractive index of the medium.
Nielsen [3] reported closed-form formula for calculating the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Bhattacharyya distance between two truncated normal distributions with the support of the first distribution nested into the support of the second distribution.