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2. Jewel bearing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_bearing

   In 1902, a process to make synthetic sapphire and ruby (crystalline aluminium oxide, also known as corundum) was invented by Auguste Verneuil, making jewelled bearings much cheaper. Today most jewelled bearings are synthetic ruby or sapphire. Historically, jewel pivots were made by grinding using diamond abrasive. [1]

3. Sapphire - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire

   Cermax xenon arc lamp with synthetic sapphire output window Wristwatch with synthetic sapphire watch crystal. Synthetic sapphire—also referred to as sapphire glass—is commonly used for small windows, because it is both highly transparent to wavelengths of light between 150 nm and 5500 nm (the visible spectrum extends about 380 nm to 750 nm ...

4. Gemstone - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemstone

   Group of precious and semiprecious stones—both uncut and faceted—including (clockwise from top left) diamond, uncut synthetic sapphire, ruby, uncut emerald, and amethyst crystal cluster. A gemstone (also called a fine gem , jewel , precious stone , semiprecious stone , or simply gem ) is a piece of mineral crystal which, when cut or ...

5. Jewellery - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewellery

   It is an amulet, which comprises diamond, pearl, ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz, cat's eye, coral, and hyacinth (red zircon). Each of these stones is associated with a celestial deity, representing the totality of the Hindu universe when all nine gems are together. The diamond is the most powerful gem among the nine stones.

6. Watch - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watch

   Acrylic glass is the lowest cost of these materials, so it is used in practically all low-cost watches. Mineral crystal: a tempered glass. Sapphire-coated mineral crystal; Synthetic sapphire crystal: the most scratch-resistant; it is difficult to cut and polish, causing watch crystals made of sapphire to be the most expensive. The bezel is the ...

7. List of sapphires by size - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sapphires_by_size

   Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers ...