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(a) is an imaginary line representing the true vertical depth, while line (b) is the borehole itself, and its length is called the measured depth.. In the oil industry measured depth (commonly referred to as MD, or just the depth) is the length of the drilled borehole. [1]
Borehole drilling has a long history. Han dynasty China (202 BC – 220 AD) used deep borehole drilling for mining and other projects. Chinese borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 m (2,000 ft). [1]
The British sinologist and historian Michael Loewe states that borehole sites could reach as deep as 600 metres (2,000 ft). [3] K.S. Tom describes the drilling process: "The Chinese method of deep drilling was accomplished by a team of men jumping on and off a beam to impact the drilling bit while the boring tool was rotated by buffalo and oxen."
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In 2023, China embarked on a 10,000-metre (33,000 ft; 6.2 mi) super-deep borehole in the Tarim Basin in the Xinjiang region for scientific, oil and gas exploration. [24] [25] [26] In March 2024, drilling of the borehole, which is known as Shendi Take 1, reached a depth of 10,000 metres. [27]
The earliest record of well drilling dates from 347 AD in China. [1] Petroleum was used in ancient China for "lighting, as a lubricant for cart axles and the bearings of water-powered drop hammers, as a source of carbon for inksticks, and as a medical remedy for sores on humans and mange in animals."
According to the VDI Standard 3210, deep hole drilling processes are manufacturing processes for the machining of bore holes with diameters between D = 0.2...2000 mm and whose drilling depth is usually greater than three times the diameter. [1]
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