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Anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) of formula C 14 H 10, consisting of three fused benzene rings. It is a component of coal tar. Anthracene is used in the production of the red dye alizarin and other dyes. Anthracene is colorless but exhibits a blue (400–500 nm peak) fluorescence under ultraviolet radiation. [13]
As a result, while anthracene reacts with maleic acid, phenanthrene does not, and triphenylene is the most stable species of these three. [ 1 ] Three Clar structures with an increasing number of π-sextets: anthracene (on the left), phenanthrene (in the middle), and triphenylene (on the right).
Phenanthrene is used to make dyes, plastics, pesticides, explosives, and drugs. It has also been used to make bile acids, cholesterol and steroids. [3] Phenanthrene occurs naturally and also is a man-made chemical. Commonly, humans are exposed to phenanthrene through inhalation of cigarette smoke, but there are many routes of exposure.
A Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) is a class of organic compounds that is composed of multiple aromatic rings.Most are produced by the incomplete combustion of organic matter— by engine exhaust fumes, tobacco, incinerators, in roasted meats and cereals, [1] or when biomass burns at lower temperatures as in forest fires.
Fluoranthene is one of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority pollutant PAHs. Fluoranthene has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a group 3 carcinogen, "not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans"[1], however it was found to possess carcinogenic properties in case of newborn mice according to short-term lung tumor assay (Busby et al ...
As already demonstrated by Elbs in 1884 it is possible to obtain anthracene through dehydration. Larger aromatic systems like pentacene are also feasible. This reaction does not take place in a single step but leads first to dihydropentacene that is dehydrogenated in a second step with copper as a catalyst. [4] Elbs reaction to anthracite and ...
The most common polymorph is γ, but β form can also be produced in an applied magnetic field (ca. 1 Tesla) [8] or by phase transition from γ decreasing the temperature below 158 K. [14] The structure containing two C-H groups on one benzene ring, so-called DUO, was analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.
A Jablonski diagram describing the mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation. The energy of the first triplet excited state (T 1) is transferred to a second triplet excited state (T 1), resulting in (1) the first T 1 returning to the singlet ground state S0 and (2) the second T 1 promoting to the singlet excited state (S 1).