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  2. Amylose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylose

    Amylose A is a parallel double-helix of linear chains of glucose. Amylose is made up of α(1→4) bound glucose molecules. The carbon atoms on glucose are numbered, starting at the aldehyde (C=O) carbon, so, in amylose, the 1-carbon on one glucose molecule is linked to the 4-carbon on the next glucose molecule (α(1→4) bonds). [3]

  3. Oligosaccharide nomenclature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligosaccharide_nomenclature

    Two common examples are cellulose, a main component of the cell wall in plants, and starch, a name derived from the Anglo-Saxon stercan, meaning to stiffen. [2] To name a polysaccharide composed of a single type of monosaccharide, that is a homopolysaccharide, the ending “-ose” of the monosaccharide is replaced with “-an”. [3]

  4. Maltose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose

    Amylase reaction consisting of hydrolyzing amylose, producing maltose. Maltose (/ ˈ m ɔː l t oʊ s / [2] or / ˈ m ɔː l t oʊ z / [3]), also known as maltobiose or malt sugar, is a disaccharide formed from two units of glucose joined with an α(1→4) bond. In the isomer isomaltose, the two glucose molecules

  5. Carbohydrate synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate_synthesis

    Carbohydrate synthesis is a sub-field of organic chemistry concerned with generating complex carbohydrate structures from simple units (monosaccharides). The generation of carbohydrate structures usually involves linking monosaccharides or oligosaccharides through glycosidic bonds, a process called glycosylation. Therefore, it is important to ...

  6. Starch - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starch

    A number of starch synthases available in plastids then adds the ADP-glucose via α-1,4-glycosidic bond to a growing chain of glucose residues, liberating ADP. The ADP-glucose is almost certainly added to the non-reducing end of the amylose polymer, as the UDP-glucose is added to the non-reducing end of glycogen during glycogen synthesis. [19]

  7. Retrogradation (starch) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrogradation_(starch)

    Retrogradation is a reaction that takes place when the amylose and amylopectin chains in cooked, gelatinized starch realign themselves as the cooked starch cools. [1]When native starch is heated and dissolved in water, the crystalline structure of amylose and amylopectin molecules is lost and they hydrate to form a viscous solution.

  8. Maltotriose - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltotriose

    It is most commonly produced by the digestive enzyme alpha-amylase (a common enzyme in human saliva) on amylose in starch. The creation of both maltotriose and maltose during this process is due to the random manner in which alpha amylase hydrolyses α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. It is the shortest chain oligosaccharide that can be classified as ...

  9. Amylopectin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amylopectin

    Amylopectin contains a larger number of Glucose units (2000 to 200,000) as compared to Amylose containing 200 to 1000 α-Glucose units. In contrast, amylose contains very few α(1→6) bonds, or even none at all. This causes amylose to be hydrolyzed more slowly, but also creates higher density and insolubility. [8]

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