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[1] [2] [3] There are several theories as to who was the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence: notable candidates are Emperor Yūryaku (r. 456–479) and Emperor Kinmei (r. 539–571), among others. [4] [5] The terms Tennō ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as Nihon ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century AD.
The rulers of Japan have been its Emperors, whether effectively or nominally, for its entire recorded history. These include the ancient legendary emperors, the attested but undated emperors of the Yamato period (early fifth to early 6th centuries), and the clearly dated emperors of 539 to the present.
The following is a family tree of the emperors of Japan, from the legendary Emperor Jimmu to the present monarch, Naruhito. [1]Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; Kōgen's descendant, Emperor Sujin (98 BC – 30 BC?), is the first for whom many agree that he might have actually existed. [2]
For example, between 1192 and 1867, the shōguns, or their shikken regents in Kamakura (1203–1333), were the de facto rulers of Japan, although they were nominally appointed by the emperor. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the emperor was the embodiment of all sovereign power in the realm, as enshrined in the Meiji Constitution of 1889.
The earliest historic written mentions of Japan were in Chinese records, where it was referred to as Wa (倭 later 和), which later evolved into the Japanese name of Wakoku (倭國). Suishō (帥升, ca. 107 CE) was a king of Wa, the earliest Japanese monarch mentioned in Volume 85 of the Book of the Later Han from 445 CE.
Jimmu is recorded as Japan's first ruler in two early chronicles, Nihon Shoki (721) and Kojiki (712). [2] Nihon Shoki gives the dates of his reign as 660–585 BC. [2] In the reign of Emperor Kanmu (737–806), [4] the eighth-century scholar Ōmi no Mifune retroactively designated rulers before Emperor Ōjin as tennō (天皇, "heavenly sovereign"), a Japanese pendant to the Chinese imperial ...
List of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu: Safavid Empire: 1501–1736 1750–1773 Shahanshah ("King of Kings") List of Persian monarchs: Hotak dynasty: 1722–1738 Afsharid Empire: 1736–1796 Qajar Empire: 1789–1925 Pahlavi Iran: 1925–1979 Indian subcontinent Maurya Empire: 322 BC–184 BC Chakravarti ("ideal universal ruler") Samrat ("proper ruler ...
Hirohito as an infant in 1902 Emperor Taishō's four sons in 1921: Hirohito, Takahito, Nobuhito, and Yasuhito. Hirohito was born on 29 April 1901 at Tōgū Palace in Aoyama, Tokyo during the reign of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, [2] the first son of 21-year-old Crown Prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taishō) and 16-year-old Crown Princess Sadako, the future Empress Teimei. [3]