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Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and T1 mapping allow infarction and fibrosis to be identified for characterizing cardiomyopathy and assessing viability. [8] Magnetic resonance angiography may be performed with or without contrast medium and is used to assess congenital or acquired abnormalities of the coronary arteries and great vessels. [9]
This leads to a signal increase which can be visualised with the "late gadolinium enhancement technique." This is probably the most accurate way to visualise scarred myocardium. An alternative (or additional) technique with CMR is the use of low dose dobutamine similar to echocardiography.
Additional benefits from cardiac MRI include the ability to detect scar within the heart using late gadolinium enhancement, and identify other abnormalities of the heart muscle itself such as infiltration with iron or amyloid protein. [11] Disadvantages of MRI include lengthy protocols and the potential for claustrophobia.
English: Real-time MRI of a human heart (2-chamber view) at 2.0 mm spatial resolution and 22 ms temporal resolution. The T1-weighted images were acquired with an RF-spoiled radial FLASH CMR sequence (TR/TE = 2.0/1.3 ms, flip angle 8°, 11 spokes) at 2.0 mm resolution, 8 mm section thickness, and 22 ms acquisition time without ECG or respiratory ...
Gadolinium(III) containing MRI contrast agents (often termed simply "gado" or "gad") are the most commonly used for enhancement of vessels in MR angiography or for brain tumor enhancement associated with the degradation of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). [3] [4] Over 450 million doses have been administered worldwide from 1988 to 2017. [5]
Late-gadolinium enhancement on cardiac MRI indicates the presence of fibrosis and scarring, and may be evidence of cardiomyopathy not due to tachycardia. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] A decline in serial NT-pro BNP with control of tachyarrhythmia indicates reversibility of the cardiomyopathy, which would also suggest TIC.
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English: Real-time MRI of a human heart (short-axis view) at 1.5 mm spatial resolution and 33 ms temporal resolution. The T1-weighted images were acquired with an RF-spoiled radial FLASH sequence (TR/TE = 2.2/1.4 ms, flip angle 8°, 15 spokes) at 1.5 mm resolution, 8 mm section thickness, and 33 ms acquisition time without ECG or respiratory ...